Idgham
Idgham is an Arabic word that means to merge something into something else, and it describes a case in Arabic grammar when a non-voweled letter meets a voweled letter when they come consecutively in two consecutive words, so that these two letters are merged into one emphasized sound.
Conditions of Idgham:
Letters of Idgham :-
(Yaa’, Raa’, Meem, Lam, Waw, Noon).
The first condition to apply Idgham is the presence of letters of Idgham which are the six following letters:
Get now one month free with our Islamic academy ayatinstitute
-Noon Sakenah or Tanween:
Noon Sakenah means : a (Noon) letter with a Sukoon or without any ) movement and is also called (non-voweled).
(Tanween) is usally translated as “nonation” which means to double the short vowel at the end of the word.
If a word ended with Noon saakinah or Tanween is followed by another word that begins with one of the letters of Idgham, then the Noon voice will merge into the voice of this letter which is called (Idgham).
Types of Idgham:
There are two types of Idgham; the first one is called “Idgham with Ghunnah”, and the second is called “Idgham without Ghunnah“.
Let’s first know what Ghunnah is: Ghunnah means “Nasalization” and it is a light nasal sound pronounced from the nose in an unclear way with a duration of two Harakah.
And now back to the two types of Idgham, what is the difference between them? and when does each of them be applied?
Idgham with Ghunnah:
It is applied when one of the letters (Noon, Meem, Yaa’, Waw) comes in the beginning of a word that is preceded by Tanween or Noon Sakenah at the end of the word before. In this case the voices of both Tanween or Noon Sakenah, and this letter are merged and pronounced unclearly with nasalization or (Ghunnah).
We will describe it more clearly in the following examples:
:It is pronounced (Amn Yujeeb), and as you can see, (أمَّن يُجيب) *
Noon Sakenah (n) is followed by the letter (Yaa’), so these two letters are merged and pronounced unclearly with a nasal sound.
It is pronounced (Liqawmn Yaa’lamoon) where (n) represets the 🙁لقومٍ يعلمون )*
Sound of Tanween and is followed by (Yaa’) letter, and they both are merged and pronounced unclearly too.
Idgham without Ghunnah:
It is applied when one of the two letters of (Lam, Raa’) comes in the beginning of a word that is preceded by Tanween or Noon Sakenah at the end of the word before, and here the both voices of them -Tanween or Noon Sakenah, and this letter- are merged and pronounced clearly with complete insertion.
Example:
Is a Noon Sakenah n)) , where Which is pronounced (Mn Ladonh):(مِن لَّدُنه) *
and (L) is (Laam) letter, and they both are merged and pronounced clearly without Ghunnah which means without nasal sound.
Another example for Idgham without Ghunnah, and this time it is with Tanween:
: it is pronounced (Tawabn Raheem), where (n) is Tanween and (تَوَّابٌ رحِيم)* (R) is (Raa’) letter, and here Idgham is applied without Ghunnah as we explained earlier.
